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Ukubuka: 0 Umbhali: Isikhathi Sokushicilela Isihleli Sesayithi: 2024-07-25 Umsuka: Isayithi
Ingxenye ye-zoo, ingxenye yokufakwa kobuciko, nayo yonke isikhungo sesayensi nocwaningo, i-aquarium yesimanje ayishoda ngobuciko bokuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Kufanele bacabangele izinto ezimbalwa ukuze baphumelele: hhayi okungenani kuyo yonke ikhwalithi yokuhlangenwe nakho kwesivakashi, nokunethezeka nokuphila kahle kwabahlali base-aquarium.
Akungabazeki ukuthi kube namaphutha amaningi enziwe kanye nezimo zokulinga-namaphutha ukuze kufinyelelwe ezindaweni eziphila emanzini zamanje lapho zikhona namuhla, futhi nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo busezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lempumelelo yesayensi. Kusukela ekwakhiweni kwamathangi kuya kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezivakashi ze-VR, izindawo zasemanzini ziwukuboniswa okuphilayo kobunye bobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa obuthuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Izinhlanzi zokuqala zasolwandle zavela cishe ku-3,500 BCE. Amalungu omphakathi acebile agcina izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini 'mathange' enziwe ngemabula, noma emachibini angaphandle. Kwakungekho ukuhlunga noma olunye uhlelo lokusekela ukuphila olwalukhona, futhi izivalo zazisekelwa ilanga, futhi zihlanzwa ngesandla. Lawa mathangi ayekhona kumagalari angasese nasemakhaya.
Ama-aquariums esimanje anamathangi asobala aqala ukwakhiwa ngawo-1850s. Indoda egama layo lingu-Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward yakha 'Icala Le-Wardian,' empeleni amafasitelana engilazi amane ayexhunywe ukwenza ibhokisi. Izinhlelo zokusekela impilo ezingahluziwe ngendlela yezihlungi zesanti ezihamba kancane namanzi olwandle emvelo athuthukiswa kanyekanye. Ngaphambi kokufika kwezinhlelo zokuhlunga i-oxygen, izinqubo zokunakekelwa kwe-aquarium zagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo njengendlela yokungenisa umoya-mpilo emanzini, okwenza ithangi liphilele izakhamuzi zalo. Le miklamo yakuqala yayibuye ibe nezinsika zensimbi, ezazivumela amanzi emibukisweni eshisayo ukuthi ashise kancane ngelangabi elivulekile ngaphansi kwethangi. Ngalezi zinto eziqanjiwe, i-aquaria ehlanganisa i-New York Aquarium, i-London Zoo Fish House, ne-Detroit Aquarium yenza i-debut yabo.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwasungulwa iphampu yomoya eyimishini yokuqala. Ngokungafani namaphampu esimanje yayinikwa amandla ngamanzi ahambayo, hhayi umoya. Lokhu kwenza kokubili i-aquaria yezohwebo neyomuntu siqu ukuba igcine inqwaba yezinhlanzi, njengoba imithombo emisha yomoya-mpilo ingase yethulwe endaweni ezungezile ngenani elikhulu kunaleso elinikezwa uhlaza olungaphansi kwamanzi. Ama-Aquariums manje asebenzisa inhlanganisela ebucayi yezixazululo zemishini nezemvelo ezisekela ukuphila.
Ezinsukwini zakuqala ze-aquaria, bekungakaziwa umthelela ukungenelela komuntu okwakunawo empilweni yasemanzini. Okwakuhloswe ngaso ekuqaleni njengombukwane kuphela, ukuze izivakashi zibukele futhi zijatshuliswe izilwane zasolwandle nezasemanzini ahlanzekile, iningi le-aquaria yezohwebo manje selizinikele ekongiweni nasekucwaningeni. Imisebenzi yabo ibeka phambili imfundo yomphakathi, futhi bahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokufunda obuningi ukusiza izivakashi zabo bonke ubudala ukuthi zifunde mayelana nomakhelwane bethu abahlala emanzini.
Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe busetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokuphila kwe-aquarium: kusukela ekwakhiweni kokuqala, ukuthwebula nokwethulwa kwezakhamuzi zakhona, kuya kumathikithi kanye nolwazi lwezivakashi. Futhi silindele ukuthi baqhubeke nokubuyekeza futhi bethuthuka njengoba isayensi yezamanzi ithuthuka.
Amathangi ase-aquaria kumele akwazi kuqala ukubamba amanzi. Iningi lezindawo zasemanzini zanamuhla zenziwa kuphela kusetshenziswa into esobala njenge-acrylic, noma indawo ebiyelwe ngokhonkolo eqinisiwe enamachweba wokubuka asobala. Amathangi amancane, njengendawo evalekile yohlobo olulodwa angasebenzisa izindonga ze-acrylic ezihlanganiswe ne-adhesive yezimboni engangeni manzi, kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda zokuqinisa. Ukhonkolo onama-porous wenziwa ukuthi ungangeni emanzini nge-rubberized sheeting, okunciphisa amathuba okuvuza.
Esihlokweni samanzi, ochwepheshe bezokwakhiwa kwe-aquaria batusa indlela egxilwe ngamandla adonsela phansi ekwakheni ukuhlunga nezinye izingxenye ezihamba ngamanzi. Amanzi adinga ukugeleza 24/7 ukuze kugcinwe izakhamuzi zase-aquarium ziphilile futhi zinethezekile, futhi amaphampu kagesi asebenza ngokweqile angaqoqa izindleko ezinkulu. Ukuthola izinhlelo ezisekela ukuphila ngenhla naseduze namathangi kuzokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla adonsela phansi lapho uhambisa amanzi.
Izinga lamanzi - elilinganiswa ngezinto ezifana ne-pH, i-alkalinity, nezinga lokushisa - libalulekile empilweni eqhubekayo kanye nempilo enhle yabantu abahlala emanzini. Amasistimu okulandelela amakhemikhali azenzakalelayo asiza ukunciphisa ingozi yephutha lomuntu lapho enza imisebenzi yansuku zonke engathinta ikhwalithi yamanzi, okuhlanganisa nokugcinwa kokuhlunga.
Amanye ama-aquarium asogwini, okuhlanganisa nesikhungo sasolwandle eMonterey Bay, California, ampompa futhi ahlunge amanzi olwandle emathangeni ukuze agcine ukubukeka okungokoqobo kanye nesimiso semvelo semvelo. Ukwethulwa kokuqala kwamanzi olwandle ngaphambi kokuba ahlungwe ngezinhlelo ezisekelwe esihlabathini kuvumela izilwane ukuba zikhule ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, okumele ahlanzwe ngezindlela zokuhlanza eziqhunyiswa ngamanzi ezibizwa ngokuthi 'izingulube.'
Wonke umuntu uyapopola! Futhi i-ecosystem evalekile ye-aquarium ingaba yinto engaphili uma imfucuza yabantu abahlala kuyo ingasuswa. Amadivayisi abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-fractionators amagwebu' asetshenziswa kulokhu, kusetshenziswa 'lutho ngaphandle kwamabhamuza' ukuze kukhishwe izinhlanganisela eziphilayo emanzini.
Ukukhipha isilwane kwenye indawo kuya kwenye akuyona into elula - akudingi nje kuphela ukuthi isilwane sipakishwe futhi silayishwe kunoma iyiphi indlela yokuthutha esiyithathayo, kodwa kanjalo namanzi esihlala kuwo!
Amanye ama-aquariums esimanje anikeza ulwazi lwedijithali oluthuthukisiwe kuzithameli zabo, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamavidiyo, ukuzizwisa ngokuchofoza, nezilingisi zento engekho ngokoqobo. I-Georgia Aquarium ivumela izivakashi ukuthi zibhukude nezimfudu, oshaka, ngisho nezilwane zasolwandle zangaphambi komlando embukisweni wabo 'we-virtual voyager'. Ngenxa yezehlakalo zomhlaba zakamuva, i-aquaria eminingi isebenzisa amakhamera abukhoma angaphansi kwamanzi ukuze iqhubeke nokunikeza izethameli ukufinyelela kude emibukisweni yazo.
